In the beginning of the fall 2014 term at Columbia University, Zachary, then a senior, had just started dating a fellow student. They were not “boyfriends yet,” Zachary said, but they decided to attend an on-campus party together late one Thursday night.

Zachary said they did not stay long at the party and agreed to leave together. They went back to Zachary’s date’s dorm room. Once they were in private, Zachary said, the male student attempted repeatedly to coerce him into intercourse, and forced Zachary to perform oral sex. He said he experienced throat pain from the incident.

Zachary said he knew he was sexually assaulted, but he held off reporting it because he thought he could deal with it on his own. But in the weeks that followed, he could not avoid seeing the other student around campus, and he continued to feel emotionally uncomfortable. On Oct. 28, 2014, he reported the incident to university officials.

Adding to his hesitation to report the assault, Zachary’s knowledge of the process was largely based on what activists had said about how the school mismanages such cases. For instance, in January 2014, the Blue & White student magazine published a story portraying the university as mishandling sexual assault cases filed by three women at the university. Those women, along with 20 others, filed federal complaints against the university three months later. The complaints spawned two investigations that launched around the holiday season.

A week before Zachary’s alleged assault, one of the women featured in the Blue & White article and in the complaint, Emma Sulkowicz, announced she would carry a dorm mattress around campus as long as her accused rapist remained at the university.

Initially, Sulkowicz was heralded as a prime example of a survivor-turned-activist, garnering support from politicians, writers and advocacy groups nationwide. The tone of the conversation shifted in December when her alleged assailant, Paul Nungesser, spoke out to declare his innocence. Depending on who the public believed, Sulkowicz was either a heroic victim or a vindictive liar.

As the media drew attention to Sulkowicz’s highly visible activism, international focus shifted to Columbia and allegations that the school botched its handling of sexual assault cases.

A HuffPost examination of Zachary’s case, as well as those by two others students — based on hundreds of pages of Columbia’s investigative reports and emails exchanged between university officials and students — shows that Sulkowicz’s case is not an isolated incident. These documents show that both before and after the investigation of Sulkowicz’s alleged sexual assault, Columbia has taken missteps in handling other cases, failing to adhere to federal guidance and standards.

Several of the students who spoke candidly about their cases with The Huffington Post for this story did so on the condition of anonymity, to protect their privacy.

60 Days

Title IX, the federal law that mandates gender equality in education, advises sexual assault cases be fully resolved within 60 days of the initial reporting. Columbia’s policy goes further, stating that investigations will take no longer than 30 days and that once the investigation is over, a hearing will wrap up a case two weeks later.

According to university documents, Zachary’s case took seven months. In another case from 2014, a transgender Columbia sophomore said xe* waited over six months for the investigation to be resolved. And, Sarah, a rising senior, filed two sexual assault cases in 2013. One took four months to resolve; the other took six.

Though breaks in the academic year can present scheduling challenges, college officials can continue communications through email, Skype or on the phone, said Djuna Perkins, an independent consultant at DP Law firm in Dedham, Massachusetts, who has been hired by other universities to investigate sexual assault cases. Taking seven months to investigate a case is too long and problematic, she said.

The accused student in Zachary’s case also complained about the lengthy investigation, calling it “absolutely ridiculous.” The student, who has not been charged with any crime, told HuffPost the encounter was entirely consensual, something Zachary clearly disputes. But the accused said the lengthy process complicated his life, like it did for Zachary, since they were in the same academic community and participated in similar extracurricular activities.

*The student prefers the pronouns xe, xim and xir.

Maintaining Confidentiality

After a student files a sexual assault complaint at Columbia, the university requires the accuser and the accused to adhere to strict privacy rules, meaning neither students may discuss the case with other students in person, online or through third parties. Students commonly refer to this practice as “a gag order.”

In real-world situations this practice leaves alleged victims in potentially vulnerable situations. For instance, both Zachary and Sarah, over the course of their investigations, attended parties where their alleged assailants were also present. But because of the gag order, they weren’t able to seek out a friend to whom they could confide about their discomfort.

In another incident in spring 2014, Sarah learned the accused student from her first case had been hired to DJ the Columbia Music Festival. Sarah, a member of student council, was asked to help promote the concert, including circulating fliers and T-shirts with his name on it.

“I was disgusted,” Sarah said. Because of the confidentiality agreement, she was under the impression that she wasn’t allowed to tell anyone why she was upset. She said she asked the university to intervene, but Columbia said she was on her own.

Consequently Sarah broke the gag order and told the student committee about the sexual assault report she had filed. They agreed to remove him from the event’s lineup. Activists offered to help Sarah find legal assistance should the male student take legal action against her.

The accused student in Zachary’s investigation said he saw comments on social media that he perceived to be harassing in nature about the case. When he complained to the university about them, the university declined to do anything about it.

In addition, Zachary said university officials warned him against potential retaliation, real or perceived. One example officials gave him, he said, was if the accused student was not invited to parties thrown by Zachary’s friends, that could be perceived as retaliation. And if Zachary was found guilty of retaliation, he could face his own misconduct charges, he said.

Colby Bruno, a senior legal counsel at the Victim Rights Law Center in Boston who has worked on many student sexual assault cases around the country, was bewildered by Columbia’s definition of retaliation. “That’s so short-sighted, I really have no words,” Bruno said. “I think schools need to be thinking a lot more common sense than they are with their [general counsels].”

Columbia had no comment about their confidentiality rules, though a spokesperson said the school “urge[s] students to use discretion in speaking about cases.” The university added that it would never punish students for talking about their cases and experiences.

LGBTQ And Reporting Assault

After a student files a report about experiencing sexual assault, university investigators interview the student within a few days about what happened. Complicating the cases of Zachary and the trans student was the nuanced language necessary to address different sexual orientations and gender identities.

One of the investigators asked Zachary during the investigation if he had been assaulted “doggy style,” Zachary said, adding that both investigators said during the interviews they felt uncomfortable discussing sexual assault.

“They are supposed to be professional investigators. It takes an enormous amount of courage and responsibility to do this,” Zachary said, referring to the difficulty he had in deciding to report the assault. “And these two dopes are fumbling around, telling me how uncomfortable they were. Isn’t that their jobs? Don’t they deal with this every single day?”

Ken Schneck, director of the Leadership in Higher Education Program at Baldwin Wallace University in Cleveland, said it would be “egregious if that discomfort was discovered and expressed in that situation.” Schneck handled sexual misconduct cases as a dean at Marlboro College and Sarah Lawrence College for a combined 10 years.

“It further victimizes the survivor,” Schneck added. “Now, not only do I not have to talk about a traumatic experience, but I need to do LGBT 101 and I need to make you comfortable.” Columbia is generally considered an LGBT-friendly school. However, Schneck said inappropriate comments made by administrators to LGBT students at any school are due to a failure in training.

Indeed, during the hearing for the trans student at Columbia, an insensitivity to the student’s gender identity resulted in a “destabilizing” experience, xe said. The accused student continuously misgendered the trans student during the hearing. The student complained to Columbia officials about a lack of sensitivity, but no one intervened to correct the accused student’s language, according to the the trans student.

“[The accused] is another gender-queer person who also uses ‘they,’ ‘them,’ ‘their’ and knows what my pronouns are and continued to misuse them,” the trans student said.

While not responding to specific allegations, the university said employees in the office handling sexual assaults “are hired for their roles based on prior training and experience,” and all professional staff training “is LGBTQ-issue informed, and our investigations and support services staff operate from that diverse perspective.”

Calling All Witnesses

When Columbia looks into a sexual assault case, the investigators ask both the accuser and the accused to name any potential witnesses. Columbia is then obliged to make a reasonable effort to contact the people named by both parties, as recommended by Title IX standards.

In one of Sarah’s cases, school investigators spoke with several witnesses for the accused student, but only interviewed one of Sarah’s, according to a copy of the investigator’s report. While Sarah’s case resulted in the accused being found guilty, Sarah said the investigation process was not equitable.

None of the witnesses Zachary named for his case were initially interviewed, according to emails and report details. Investigators told Zachary they closed their investigation in January 2015, but Zachary learned in March they had not spoken to any of his witnesses. After Zachary complained to the university, Columbia told Zachary in an email they would consider speaking with them “if you believe your witnesses would have something additional to provide to the investigation.”

“The idea of not interviewing witnesses is just baffling,” said Corey Rayburn Yung, a University of Kansas law professor who regularly assists in sex crime cases in the criminal justice system. Speaking with multiple witnesses “is always going to be more effective in getting to the truth of what happened.”

In acquaintance assaults, sex crimes experts say, it is critical to speak with witnesses in a timely manner given that physical evidence may be lacking.

Delaying interviews can also be problematic because memories fade over time. “There’s no reason to wait [to start interviewing witnesses],” said Perkins, the independent investigator. “During an investigation I’m usually looking to find additional witnesses.”

The university declined to comment about these allegations, repeating citing an “ethical responsibility” to not speak about individual cases.

Interviews And Transcription

As a policy, Columbia does not record, take video of or transcribe interviews — including those with the accused, the accuser and any witnesses — during the investigation.

Students have previously complained about this lack of recording during the investigations process at Columbia, and in response Columbia changed its procedures starting in the 2014-15 academic year. Now, two investigators, rather than one, conduct the interviews.

Six months after Zachary initially reported his assault, the investigation concluded the accused was not responsible. Zachary appealed based on what he said were factual errors in the report, but because interviews were not recorded, Zachary was not able to prove his complaint held water.

Columbia declined to comment on why they don’t record interviews.

Tracey Vitchers, head of the nonprofit Students Active for Ending Rape, which started at Columbia 15 years ago, suggested it would be better for both the accused and accusers if students first submitted their version of events to school investigators.

“It allows [the students] to create their own written record at the time of the alleged assault,” she said, “and would assure both students feel their side of their case is being represented in the best way they think happened.”

Read the letter rejecting Zachary’s appeal from the Dean of the College at Columbia University.

Handling Sexual Assault On Campus

Frustrated, Zachary wrote an op-ed for the Columbia Spectator about his experience, but he said the student newspaper would not publish the parts about how the school handled his case.

Neither the accused in the transgender student’s case or Zachary’s case were ultimately punished. Few students at the university under suspicion for sexual assault are, according to a September 2014 report conducted by Columbia that disclosed such data. Columbia declined to share information on how many cases were adjudicated in the 2014-15 academic year.

Although Columbia found both men Sarah accused to be guilty of sexual assault — one was suspended for a full academic year; the other a semester — both students returned to campus while Sarah was still a student, putting her in the position of running into her assailants on campus at any time.

“It’s on Columbia to create a safe community because that’s what’s distracting us from our education and our pursuit of knowledge,” Sarah said. “I mean, that’s what we’re at this institution for.”

The students interviewed for this piece, as well as several others whose stories are not included here, said they initially held off on reporting their alleged assaults in part because they were intimidated by the process. The trans student, for example, finally decided to file a report because xe wanted to withdraw from a class the accused student was also in, without suffering a penalty.

The students in this story were each promised their investigations would take two months, only to watch their cases drag on two or three times as long.

Although Zachary recently graduated, he said he still feels exhausted by the process he went through. There is a certain sentiment about people who report a sexual assault that they “are really out to get fame,” he added. “No one wants to come forward with this. It’s really stressful.”

If you’ve had an experience with a sexual assault case on your campus you would like to share, contact [email protected]

Need help? In the U.S., visit the National Sexual Assault Online Hotline operated by RAINN. For more resources, visit the National Sexual Violence Resource Center’s website.

It’s looking more and more as though Michael Sam’s football career may be over, after the openly gay defensive end left the training camp of the CFL’s Montreal Alouettes’ for “personal reasons” last week. 

The Alouettes have placed Sam on suspended status, and while NBC Sports says that could be just a procedural move while teams are paring down rosters, a report in The Montreal Gazette suggests Sam may not be coming back. 

Sam, a rush-end, has been put on the Als’ suspended list. While general manager Jim Popp says the door remains open for his return, another source within the organization virtually guaranteed the likelihood of that happening is non-existent.

The source also chided Sam for appearing on the reality TV series Dancing With the Stars instead of preparing for the coming season. … 

Popp added: “There’s nothing to tell you. He wanted to go home, and that’s what he did. I don’t know why. When a guy wants to go home, they go home. He had some personal things to take care of. I wouldn’t be surprised if he returns. I’m surprised he left. I was very surprised. If he doesn’t come back, I would think football’s over for him. He’s the one that has to face that. But I don’t think he doesn’t want to play football. That’s why he came here.”

The Gazette reports that another source said Sam recently took offense to a comment made by a teammate: 

“All I know is I heard somebody made a comment about him, about how he wasn’t very good and wasn’t having a very good camp. He took it personally and was pouting in his room,” the source said. “It’s very strange. I have no idea what’s going on. He might have a personal issue.” … 

“It’s a huge story because everybody keeps hounding and hounding and hounding. Michael Sam just wants to be a football player,” Popp said. “I would think anybody that’s 25 years old that has been going through it for a year and a half, it would have to affect him. I would think so. That’s one reason he didn’t want to do interviews and just concentrate on football.”

Here’s how Jim Buzinski at OutSports reacted to the Gazette‘s report:

Popp was sympathetic to Sam attempting to play football as an openly gay 25-year-old, but this whole situation makes him look bad. I was at the Nike LGBT Sports Summit in Portland when news about Sam leaving the team broke and several people expressed their dismay over what was occurring.

I don’t know why Sam left the team but the bottom line is that if he doesn’t return to the Alouettes soon, his dreams of playing pro football are over forever since no team would ever want to take a chance on him again. It would be a sad ending to his story that burned so promising 16 months ago.

 

 

Upon first glance, Robyn Hasty‘s glass-plate portraits seem like they could have been generated alongside those of 19th-century photo giants like Julia Margaret Cameron or Nadar. The images, crafted with wet-plate collodion tintype and ambrotype developing processes, depict nude subjects meeting the viewers’ gazes, bodies sprawled elegantly across a love seat.

“The impracticality of obsolete technology informs my craft,” Hasty explains in her artist statement. “I have learned several labor intensive pre-industrial processes including tintype photography, primitive ceramics, and traditional African earth architecture. I use these techniques because I am drawn to the tension between fine craft and entropy that arises from the struggle of making with unpredictable results.”

Upon closer look at Hasty’s work, certain particularities come into view: tattoos, piercings, dreadlocks and baseball caps, to name a few, anchoring the images in a more contemporary climate. Look closer still, and the nudes on view subtly disorient the viewer’s attempt to classify or categorize, their exposed flesh raising more questions than answers. The enigmatic portraits depict a range of transgender, cisgender, genderqueer and gender nonconforming individuals, juxtaposing classical compositions and traditional photography methods with nonconformist subjects.

The photo series couples past techniques with future ideologies, yielding magnetic images that teeter precariously on the present moment. The collection is named “Z,” alluding to the gender neutral pronoun. Hasty’s subjects reveal their unclothed bodies before the camera, proving that gender isn’t something written on the flesh, but rather crafted in the mind. The portraits recall the work of 19th-century photographer F. Holland Day, whose hazy, mythical portraits toyed with notions of race, gender and identity far before postmodernism seeped into the public consciousness.

While Day opted for fantastical costumes to illustrate the slippery nature of the self, Hasty does the opposite, showing that even without clothing, her subjects still occupy a myriad of identities. The silvery tintypes convey the infinite possibilities embedded in the skin, and the futility of attempting to fix human beings to any single predetermined definition or classification.

Robyn Renee Hasty’s “Z”, curated by Walker Waugh, will be on view from June 11 until July 12, 2015, at Pioneer Works in Brooklyn.

 There was plenty of tragedy to go around on last night’s season five Game of Thrones finale. Just when you thought you were done with heartbreak, another one bit the dust, so to speak.

You may want to sit down before we get into it, because, for most of these characters, I’ve got bad news and, well, worse news.

Let’s discuss the details, AFTER THE JUMP …

Meanwhile, In Winterfell …
Yikes. Not sure if Mercury is in retrograde, or whatever, but things really aren’t going well for Stannis Baratheon (Stephen Dillane). After his devastating sacrifice of his daughter last week, now half his men have deserted him, and his wife hanged herself. Even Melisandre (Carice van Houten) is like “Uh, I’ve got a thing … “ and rides off. With not much left to lose, Stan and his men march on Winterfell, only to be met and mostly slaughtered by Lord Bolton’s men.

An injured Stannis is left in the woods, and who just happens to be strolling on by? Brienne (Gwendoline Christie). We don’t see Brienne land the killing blow to Stannis, so we could, technically, still speculate if she successfully killed him in the name of Renly. However, after sacrificing everything for a bungled battle, it’s probably just his time to go.

While Ramsay (Iwan Rheon) is away fighting Stannis’ men, Sansa (Sophie Turner) decides to make a move. She uses a purloined corkscrew to escape her chamber, but leaves the bartool behind, like a fool. Now how will she shank Ramsay and/or uncork a fine cabernet? She hustles on over to light the candle in the highest window of the broken tower (not like Brienne is still waiting around to see it, though). As she tries to sneak around the grounds unnoticed, she’s cornered by Myranda (Charlotte Hope). As Ramsay’s sidepiece fixes an arrow on the young Lady Stark, Theon (Alfie Allen) finally makes himself useful by tossing Myranda to her death on the courtyard below. Having dispatched Stannis and his men, Ramsay returns home, forcing Sansa and Theon to leap to an unknown fate over the wall.

Meanwhile, In Dorne …
Jaime (Nikolaj Coster-Waldau) is all ready to take Myrcella (Nell Tiger Free) back to King’s Landing. OK, everybody on the boat! But before Myrcella can hop aboard, Ellaria (Indira Varma) pulls in the young princess for a big ol’ smooch on the mouth. Boy, she really seems to have come around, right? I mean, just the other week she was ready to kill Myrcella, and now they’re all kissy-kissy. How sweet!

In transit, Jaime awkwardly attempts to confess that he may have been a little too kissy-kissy with Myrcella’s mother/his sister. She reveals that, duh, she knows and she’s happy that he’s her dad and it is so sweet that almost no one notices that Myrcella’s nose is bleeding and, oh no, she’s dead. Dead dead dead. In case there were any doubts, we see Ellaria back on the docks wiping off her lipstick and taking an antidote.

Meanwhile, In Braavos …
Meryn Trant (Ian Beattie) is doing his thing, smacking around young girls for funsies. He whacks the first girl, and she shrieks in pain. Same for the second. The third victim, however, barely even flinches. Trant sends the first two girls away and then really lays into the third. She removes her face to reveal herself as Arya (Maisie Williams) before super murdering him like a whole lot. Like a lot a lot. She stabs out his eyes, she stabs him a bunch all over his torso, and then she finally cuts his throat.

When she gets back to the House of Black and White, Jaqen H’ghar (Tom Wlaschiha) isn’t thrilled with her choices. She had a job to do: She was supposed to take her mobile raw bar around and then poison the gambler. Instead, she stole a face and super murdered someone else. Now, the rules are a bit hazy, but if you borrow another face to kill someone who was not officially sanctioned, it’s sort of frowned upon. Then Jaqen seemingly poisons himself, but then takes over another body while Arya frantically tears faces off his corpse. Then she goes blind. I guess I should really read up on my House of Black and White faceless assassin employee handbook, because there seems to be a lot of regulations there in the fine print.

Meanwhile, In Meereen …
Oh where, oh where has Daenerys Targaryen (Emilia Clarke) gone? Oh where, oh where can she be? That’s the question on the minds of Tyrion (Peter Dinklage), Jorah (Iain Glen), Daario (Michiel Huisman), Missandei (Nathalie Emmanuel) and Grey Worm (Jacob Anderson). It’s decided that Tyrion, Grey Worm and Missandei will hang back in Meereen and, you know, govern, while Jorah and Daario set out to find their missing queen. On the plus side, Varys (Conleth Hill) has arrived, so it’s only a matter of time before those pesky Sons of the Harpy are sniffed out.

Elsewhere, Dany is trying to get Drogon to fly her back to Meereen, but she has about as much luck as trying to work with Delta customer service, which is to say no luck at all. While Drogon lazes about, she sets out to find some dinner. What she finds instead is a big ol’ group of Dothraki.

Meanwhile, In King’s Landing …
Cersei (Lena Headey) is still in full Orange Is the New Black mode, locked up in the dungeons. Finally, she decides to give the whole confession a whirl. How much worse can it be? So she reports up to the High Sparrow (Jonathan Pryce) and is all yes, yes boinked my cousin. Sorry. The Sparrow, however, seems to have a little more up his sleeve. He asks about Cersei maybe also keeping it in the fam with her brother, but she denies it. OK, then, now with that confession out of the way, we can all just return to our normal business, yah? Unfortunately, there’s still a trial and also an “atonement.”

And, what, exactly does an atonement entail? Funny you should ask! First, a bunch of nuns give Cersei the full microderm abrasion body scrub down. Then, it’s time for a makeover! They take a razor to her hair, briefly giving her a very Keith Urban look before settling on some fierce Mia Farrow realness. (Cersei is serving some cheek bones for days.) It’s all very Anne Hathaway in Les Mis. The Queen Mother is then stripped naked and forced to walk back home through crowds of people throwing food, excrement, spitting on her and all kinds of other horrible harassment. It’s a completely debasing experience that just seems to go on forever. If Cersei wasn’t broken yet, she certainly is now.

When she reaches her destination, she’s greeted by a new member of the King’s Guard: The reanimated corpse of The Mountain (Hafþór Júlíus Björnsson)! That will certainly come in handy when she exacts her revenge.

Meanwhile, At the Wall …
Jon Snow (Kit Harrington) is still a little shaken up, which makes Sam (John Bradley)’s timing a little unkind. Tarley asks if he, Gilly (Hannah Murray) and the baby can high tail it out of there before things take a turn for the even more worse. Snow agrees, which ends up being a huge mistake. Once they’re gone, Olly (Brenock O’Connor) lures Snow outside where members of the Night’s Watch take turns stabbing the Lord Commander one at a time, with Olly delivering the killing blow.

The Internet is already ablaze with rampant speculation about this “death.” What do you think? Is Jon Snow gone for good? What else could his future hold?

How do you feel about this season of Game of Thrones?