The Second Amendment Does Not Prohibit Reasonable Gun Control Laws

The Second Amendment Does Not Prohibit Reasonable Gun Control Laws

AR-15 gun control laws

Take a look at the Second Amendment. It provides that “a well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.”

Native English speakers might have trouble parsing that language, but for more than 200 years, federal judges understood it quite well. In a series of cases, the federal courts recognized that the right embedded in the Second Amendment was limited in two important ways.

First, the provision applied to having arms for military purposes. We may recall from our history classes that the early military in the colonies and in the young Republic was constituted mainly from regular citizens who took up arms to kick the British or defend themselves against rebellion.

Second, the provision applied to the federal government. For many years, all of the parts of the Bill of Rights — the first 10 amendments to the Constitution — only applied to the federal government. That meant, for example, that where the First Amendment said “Congress shall make no law …” abridging freedom of speech, religion, and the press, it meant only that the federal Congress “shall make no law.” State legislatures and local governments were free to pass laws that might have run afoul of the provision.

These two limitations are part of the Supreme Court’s 1939 decision in United States v. Miller. That case addressed a federal law banning the possession of, among other things, a sawed-off shotgun. Because, at the time, such a weapon was never going to be used by a “well regulated militia” or have any connection to warfare and national defense, Congress was within its power to restrict its use, possession, and sale.

Miller is still good law, but a decades-long effort by the National Rifle Association, the Heritage Foundation, and other right-wing advocacy organizations has both chipped away at Miller and created a generation of lawyers and jurists that don’t believe in it anyway.

In 2008, the Supreme Court decided that the Second Amendment protected an individual’s right to keep a handgun in his house for self-defense. That case, United States v. Heller, was about a law in the District of Columbia. Two years later, in McDonald v. Chicago, the Court held that Chicago could not outlaw the possession of handguns by private citizens. Both cases were decided 5-4.

I believe that Heller and McDonald were both wrongly decided. They fly in the face of Miller and McDonald, in particular, denies the reality that different states and localities have different kinds of gun problems. They should be allowed to approach it differently, both as a way to protect gun owners in Wyoming and gun shot victims in Los Angeles.

But despite the conservative onslaught radicalizing modern interpretations of the Second Amendment, there is nothing in either Heller or McDonald that would prevent a state or Congress from stepping in and outlawing the kind of weapons tragically used in Sandy Hook a few years ago and in Las Vegas just yesterday (and in Virginia, Colorado, and so many other places I can’t even remember!). I would go even further: The only reason Heller got a 5 person majority was because it was written so narrowly as to permit such restrictions.

First, Heller did not overrule Miller. Specifically, the Court “read Miller to say only that the Second Amendment does not protect those weapons not typically possessed by law-abiding citizens for lawful purposes, such as short-barreled shotguns.” At the time, sawed-off shotguns met that test. Today, machine guns are not typically possessed by law-abiding citizens for lawful purposes. Hunters do not need machine guns. Those in need of self defense do not need machine guns. Machine guns can be banned.

Second, in writing Heller, the late-Justice Antonin Scalia specifically limited the decision not only to weapons used in self defense, but to weapons used in self defense in the home. It does not cover concealed weapons, firearms in the hands of felons or the mentally ill, or guns near schools or churches or hospitals. Nor does Heller say anything about selling guns or the ability of Congress to pass laws banning any of those things. You can be sure that many of the conservatives on the Court, including the new Justice Neil Gorsuch, seated on the Court in what can only be described as a coup, is going to try to use Heller to cover these situations. When they do, they will be lying. In spite of all of their efforts over the last few decades, the NRA and conservative jurists have failed to create an individual right to own and carry guns.

Congress’s inaction on gun safety has nothing to do with the law on the books. It has everything to do with politics. Elections matter. If you want reasonable gun safety legislation, we need more Democrats, in state houses, in governorships, in Congress, and in the White House.

The post The Second Amendment Does Not Prohibit Reasonable Gun Control Laws appeared first on Towleroad.


The Second Amendment Does Not Prohibit Reasonable Gun Control Laws

Human Rights Campaign President Chad Griffin on Las Vegas Massacre

Human Rights Campaign President Chad Griffin on Las Vegas Massacre
Human Rights Campaign President Chad Griffin on Las Vegas Massacre

Our hearts are with the city of Las Vegas, the victims and the families of those impacted by this horrific tragedy. Today we are flooded with painful memories… memories I know that many of you across the nation are still reeling from. After Newtown… after Tucson… after Virginia Tech, San Bernardino, Aurora, Charleston, Columbine, Fort Hood, Alexandria… and after the massacre at the Pulse Nightclub in Orlando just last year… each time the American people have called for action in the face of these senseless acts of mass gun violence.
And each time, too many lawmakers have neglected their duty, given in to the gun lobby, and turned their backs on the pain and suffering of the nation.
Make no mistake, those lawmakers who have blocked commonsense gun safety laws are complicit in the deaths that result from the massacres like that in Las Vegas. They bear responsibility.
And so today, on behalf of the three million members and supporters of the Human Rights Campaign, including thousands of Nevadans, we have just one question for these lawmakers: what are you going to do to stop this from happening again? From happening to your constituents?
If you mourned the 20 first graders murdered in Newtown… If you grieved the 49 LGBTQ people and allies slain in Orlando… if you condemned the attack on churchgoers in Charleston… and if you sent your thoughts and prayers, or held a moment of silence for Las Vegas today, then please tell us… what are you doing to ensure assault rifles stay out of the hands of would-be mass killers? What are you doing to expand background checks? What are you doing to make silencers, which can mask the sound of a murderous rampage, harder to get — not easier, as is currently being considered in Congress?
These lawmakers have lost the privilege of being sorry. They must do what they were elected to do and protect our country, our people, protect their own constituents. It’s time for Congress and this president and this White House to act.
So text NO MORE to 30644 and we’ll connect you directly to your lawmakers’ offices to ask what they’re doing to stop another senseless tragedy like this one.

Join us in honoring these victims with action.

Lambda Legal to Appeal to SCOTUS to Block Mississippi’s Heinous Anti-LGBTQ ‘Religious Freedom’ Law

Lambda Legal to Appeal to SCOTUS to Block Mississippi’s Heinous Anti-LGBTQ ‘Religious Freedom’ Law

Mississippi

Today we reported that HB1523, a sweeping Mississippi bill that would legalize discrimination against LGBTQ people on the basis of religion, is set to go into effect on Friday after the 5th Circuit denied a rehearing.

Now, Lambda Legal, Mississippi civil rights attorney Rob McDuff, and Mississippi Center for Justice say they will appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court to block the law.

From Lambda Legal:

Mississippi civil rights attorney Rob McDuff, along with Mississippi Center for Justice and Lambda Legal, today announced they will appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court after the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit denied their en banc petition asking the full court to rehear the case challenging Mississippi House Bill 1523, one of the most anti-LGBT laws in the country.

Joining them for the appeal to the Supreme Court are former U.S. Solicitor General Don Verrilli and attorney Paul Smith, who co-counseled with Lambda and argued the landmark case of Lawrence v. Texas, which declared laws criminalizing same-sex relationships to be unconstitutional.

“We are appealing to our nation’s highest court to make sure that attempts by state legislatures to defy the law of the land and trample the rights of LGBT people are blocked for good,” said Susan Sommer, Director of Constitutional Litigation at Lambda Legal. “Mississippi’s HB 1523 creates a toxic environment of fear and prejudice. Along with other anti-LGBT laws across the country like those in North Carolina and Texas, these laws are a pack of wolves in sheep’s clothing, dressing up discrimination and calling it religious freedom.”

“This is an unfair and unconstitutional law, and we are taking our claim to the Supreme Court,” said Mississippi civil rights attorney Rob McDuff. “People should not have to live through discrimination in order to challenge it.”

“We are heading to the Supreme Court to demand access to justice. LGBT Mississippians should not have to endure even more profound discrimination before they can ask the court to put a stop to it,” said Beth Orlansky, advocacy director for the Mississippi Center for Justice. “Our plaintiffs have already seen the ill effects of HB 1523 without it even taking effect and they should get their day in court.”

HB 1523 sets forth a list of discriminatory actions that certain individuals and entities could take against Mississippians based on religious and so-called “moral” objections to the existence of transgender people, marriages of same-sex couples and non-marital sexual relationships, without consequence from the State. The law was enacted in April 2016 in defiance of the U.S. Supreme Court’s decision granting marriage for same-sex couples nationwide. Last June, U.S. District Court Judge Carlton Reeves of Jackson issued a preliminary injunction preventing HB 1523 from taking effect.

More at Lambda Legal.

The post Lambda Legal to Appeal to SCOTUS to Block Mississippi’s Heinous Anti-LGBTQ ‘Religious Freedom’ Law appeared first on Towleroad.


Lambda Legal to Appeal to SCOTUS to Block Mississippi’s Heinous Anti-LGBTQ ‘Religious Freedom’ Law